Aptera is one of the most important archaeological sites on the island of Crete and offers a fascinating insight into the history and culture of the region. Situated on a hill overlooking Souda Bay, about 15 kilometres east of Chania, Aptera was once one of the most powerful cities of ancient Crete. Today, impressive ruins and artefacts bear witness to the city's glorious past.
The history of Aptera dates back to the Minoan period (approx. 2700-1450 BC). However, the city reached its peak during the Classical and Hellenistic periods (5th to 1st century BC), when it grew into an important commercial and economic centre. Aptera benefited from its strategic location, which enabled it to control trade in the Bay of Souda.
During the Roman period (1st century BC to 4th century AD), the city continued to prosper and expand. This period left behind many architectural remains that can still be visited today. After the fall of the Roman Empire, Aptera declined in importance and was largely abandoned in the 7th century AD, possibly due to earthquakes and Arab raids.
The archaeological site of Aptera covers a large area and includes numerous impressive ruins. The most important sights include:
- The Roman theatre: This well-preserved theatre seats around 3,500 spectators and is an impressive example of Roman architecture. It is believed to have been used for both theatre performances and public gatherings.
- The Roman cisterns: These large, underground water reservoirs are evidence of the Romans' sophisticated water supply technology. The cisterns are impressively well preserved and provide an insight into the engineering skills of the ancient world.
- The Temple of Apollo: Only a few remains of this temple, which was dedicated to the god Apollo, remain, but they bear witness to the religious importance of the city.
- The Byzantine fortress: This fortress was built in the 12th century AD on the ruins of the ancient city. It served to protect the region from pirate raids and offers spectacular views of the surrounding landscape and the sea.