In the past, the island of Crete was very densely vegetated and fertile. Today, the vegetation has significantly decreased due to the climate and soil conditions, but especially because of the great destruction the island has suffered over the centuries.
However, the diversity of plant species is still considerable: it is estimated that around 2,000 plant species still grow on Crete, 160 of which (mainly herbs) are endemic, meaning they are found only here. Rare plants are mainly found in gorges and on mountain slopes; occasionally, they can also be found on the coast and in the high plains.
Over the centuries, the Cretan plant world has adapted to human influences, especially to traditional grazing practices.
Mostly, one finds plants with thorns or certain species like the robust Kermes oak and the wild olive tree, which withstand grazing or are inedible to animals.
The most common forest trees on the island are the pine and the Mediterranean cypress, both conifers with great adaptability to extreme conditions, as well as the evergreen Cretan maple.
The island's flora is also characterized by a great variety of herbs. Due to their high content of essential oils, they are often used as ingredients in dishes, teas, and remedies. Thyme, sage, and wild marjoram are just a few of them.
