Crete is the largest Greek island and the fifth largest in the Mediterranean. It is located in the southern part of the Aegean Sea and forms the border between Europe and North Africa. The island fascinates with its rich history, breathtaking landscapes and unique culture.
Geographical location and size
- Longitude & Latitude: Crete extends between 34°55′ and 35°41′ north latitude and 23°31′ and 26°18′ east longitude.
- Area: The island has a total area of 8,336 km², making it the largest Greek island.
- Length & width: Crete is about 260 km long, while the width varies between 12 km (near Ierapetra) and 60 km (near Heraklion).
- Coastline: With over 1,000 km of coastline, Crete offers numerous beaches, bays and cliff landscapes.
Population and cities
- Population: Crete has around 635,000 inhabitants (as of 2021). The number rises sharply in the summer months due to tourism.
- Capital: Heraklion, with around 175,000 inhabitants, is the economic and cultural centre of the island.
- Other large cities:
Chania (~108,000 inhabitants) - known for the Venetian harbour and its old town.
Rethymno (~85,000 inhabitants) - a charming town with Venetian influences.
Agios Nikolaos (~27,000 inhabitants) - picturesquely situated on the Gulf of Mirabello.
Ierapetra (~25,000 inhabitants) - the southernmost city in Europe with a warm climate.
Landscape and nature
Crete is an island with a great variety of landscapes:
- Mountains: The island is characterised by three large mountain ranges:
The Lefka Ori (White Mountains) in the west with the highest peak Pachnes (2,453 m).
The Ida Mountains (Psiloritis) in the centre, where the highest point on Crete, Timios Stavros (2,456 m), is located.
The Dikti Mountains in the east with the highest peak Spathi (2,148 m). - Gorges: The most famous is the Samaria Gorge (16 km long), one of the longest in Europe.
- Beaches: Crete offers a variety of spectacular beaches, including Balos, Elafonissi, Vai, Matala and Preveli.
Climate
Crete has a Mediterranean climate with mild, humid winters and hot, dry summers.
- Average temperatures:
Winter: 10-15 °C
Summer: 25-35 °C (occasionally over 40 °C) - Hours of sunshine: Crete is one of the sunniest regions in Europe with around 300 days of sunshine per year.
Economy and tourism
- Tourism: Crete is one of the most popular holiday regions in Greece with over 4 million visitors per year.
- Agriculture: The island is known for its olive oil production, wine, oranges, herbs and cheese.
- Ports & Airports: Crete has three major international airports (Heraklion, Chania, Sitia) and several harbours.